Hluav taws xob Conductivity Meter: Ib Daim Ntawv Qhia Ua Ntej rau Cov Pib Tshiab

Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub ntawm kev tswj kom zoo, kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig, thiab kev tsim tshwj xeeb, lub peev xwm los ntsuas cov dej muaj pes tsawg leeg yog qhov tseem ceeb.Hluav taws xob conductivity(EC) sawv ua ib qho tseem ceeb, muab kev pom zoo rau tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv ionic yaj hauv kev daws teeb meem. Covhluav taws xob conductivity meter(EC Meter) yog qhov ntsuas ntsuas tsis tseem ceeb uas siv los ntsuas cov cuab yeej no.

Cov lus qhia dav dav no yog tsim los rau cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov neeg pib tshiab ib yam nkaus, muab cov txheej txheem nruj me ntsis ntawm EC meter cov ntsiab lus, kev ua haujlwm, kev ntsuas, thiab ntau yam kev siv, ua kom cov neeg pib tshiab tuaj yeem ntseeg siab koom ua ke qhov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb no rau hauv lawv txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm.

Cov ntsiab lus:

1. Hluav taws xob conductivity yog dab tsi?

2. Lub ntsuas hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog dab tsi?

3. Dab tsi yog Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm ntawm Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob?

4. Lub ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas dab tsi?

5. Txhua Hom Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob

6. Yuav ua li cas ntsuas lub ntsuas hluav taws xob hluav taws xob?

7. Kev siv dav ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob hluav taws xob

8. Qhov txawv ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab lub ntsuas pH yog dab tsi?

I. Hluav taws xob conductivity yog dab tsi?

Hluav taws xob conductivity(κ) yog qhov ntsuas ntawm cov khoom muaj peev xwm xa hluav taws xob tam sim no. Hauv cov kev daws teeb meem aqueous, qhov kev sib kis no tsis yog los ntawm cov hluav taws xob dawb (xws li hauv cov hlau) tab sis los ntawm kev txav ntawm cov ions yaj. Thaum cov ntsev, acids, los yog cov hauv paus yog yaj hauv dej, lawv dissociate mus rau qhov zoo nqi cations thiab tsis zoo nqi anions. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no tso cai rau kev daws teeb meem hluav taws xob.

Feem ntau, conductivity (σ) yog lej txhais tau tias yog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov kev tiv thaiv (ρ), qhia tias cov khoom muaj peev xwm ua tau hluav taws xob tam sim no (σ = 1 / ρ).

Rau cov kev daws teeb meem, cov conductivity ncaj qha nyob ntawm ion concentration; yooj yim,ib tug ntau dua concentration ntawm mobile ions ncaj qha ua rau siab dua conductivity.

Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb chav tsev (SI Unit) rau conductivity yog Siemens ib 'meter' (S / m), nyob rau hauv kev siv tswv yimnyiamntsuas dej zoothiab kuaj kuaj, qhov tseem ceeb micro-Siemens ib centimeter (µS/cm) los yog milli-Siemens ib centimeter (mS/cm) yogntau dua thiab dav siv.

II. Lub ntsuas hluav taws xob conductivity yog dab tsi?

An hluav taws xob conductivity meteryog ib qho cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau tsim los ntsuas qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem, uas ua haujlwm los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab ntsuas qhov tshwm sim tam sim no.

Qhov ntsuas feem ntau suav nrog peb lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb:

1. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (kev sojntsuam / electrode):Qhov no yog lub sensor uas hu rau lub hom phiaj kev daws teeb meem. Nws muaj ob lossis ntau dua electrodes (feem ntau ua los ntawm platinum, graphite, lossis stainless hlau) sib cais los ntawm kev ncua deb.

2. Chav ntsuas ntsuas:Qhov no yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsim cov hluav taws xob excitation (AC) thiab ua cov teeb liab sensor.

3. Qhov kub thiab txias sensor:Cov khoom tsim nyog no feem ntau muab tso rau hauv kev sojntsuam los ntsuas tus qauv ntsuas kub kom raug them nyiaj.

Lub EC meter muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem uas yaj cov kuab tshuaj concentration yog qhov tseem ceeb, xws li kev lim dej thiab kev tsim tshuaj.

III. Dab tsi yog Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm ntawm Hluav Taws Xob Conductivity Meter?

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntsuas yog nyob ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm conductance thiab tsis kam, kho los ntawm ib tug geometry taag. Ntawm no, cia peb tshawb xyuas cov kauj ruam ntsuas tseem ceeb ua ke:

1. Kev siv hluav taws xob AC:Lub ntsuas ntsuas siv qhov tseeb, paub qhov hloov pauv tam sim no (AC) voltage hla ob lub electrodes hauv qhov kev sojntsuam, uas tiv thaiv polarization thiab degradation ntawm cov electrode.

2. Kev ntsuas tam sim no:Lub ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas ntsuas qhov loj ntawm qhov tam sim no (I) uas ntws los ntawm kev daws teeb meem, thiab qhov tam sim no yog proportional to the concentration of mobile ions.

3. Kev ntsuas kev coj ua:Qhov hluav taws xob conductance (G) ntawm kev daws teeb meem ntawm ob daim hlau yog xam los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm Ohm Txoj Cai: G = I / V.

4. Kev txiav txim siab conductivity:Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov tshwj xeeb conductivity (κ), qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas (G) yog muab faib los ntawm kev sojntsuam lub xovtooj ntawm tes (K): κ = G · K. Lub cell tas li (K) yog qhov ntsuas geometric ruaj khov uas txhais los ntawm qhov kev ncua deb (d) ntawm cov electrodes thiab lawv thaj chaw zoo (A), K = d / A.

Conductivity yog rhiab heev rau qhov kub thiab txias; 1 ° C nce tuaj yeem nce qhov kev nyeem los ntawm kwv yees li 2-3%. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov txiaj ntsig sib piv thoob ntiaj teb, txhua tus kws tshaj lij EC ntsuas ntsuas siv qhov ntsuas kub tsis siv neeg (ATC).

Lub 'meter' hais txog qhov ntsuas ntsuas tus nqi rau tus qauv ntsuas kub, feem ntau yog 25 ° C, siv qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub, kom ntseeg tau tias tus nqi tshaj tawm yog qhov tseeb txawm tias tus qauv ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub tiag tiag thaum ntsuas.

IV. Lub ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas dab tsi?

Thaum lub EC meter qhov tsim tawm yogHluav taws xob conductivity, qhov kev nyeem ntawv no niaj hnub siv los ntsuas lossis kwv yees lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej tsis zoo hauv cov nroj tsuag kev lag luam:

1. Hluav taws xob conductivity (EC):Kev ntsuas ncaj qha, qhia hauv µS / cm lossis mS / cm.

2. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDSsawv cev rau tag nrho cov huab hwm coj ntawm yaj cov organic thiab inorganic teeb meem rau ib chav tsev ntim dej, feem ntau qhia nyob rau hauv mg / L los yog ib feem ntawm ib lab (ppm). Txij li thaum EC muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov ntsiab lus ionic (qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm TDS), EC meter tuaj yeem muab qhov kwv yees TDS tus nqi siv qhov hloov pauv (TDS Factor), feem ntau yog li ntawm 0.5 txog 0.7.

3. Salinity:Rau cov dej khib nyiab, dej hiav txwv, thiab kev lag luam brines, EC yog thawj qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm salinity, uas yog tag nrho cov concentration ntawm tag nrho cov ntsev yaj nyob rau hauv dej, feem ntau qhia nyob rau hauv PSU (Practical Salinity Units) los yog qhov chaw ib txhiab.

V. Txhua Hom Hluav Taws Xob Conductivity Meters

EC meters nyob rau hauv ntau yam configurations yog tsim los ua kom tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm qhov tseeb, kev txav mus los, thiab kev soj ntsuam tas li, thiab ntawm no yogtusfeem ntauhom conductivitymetersuasfeem ntau pom nyob rau hauv hom kev lag luam scenes:

VI. Yuav Ua Li Cas Calibrate Cov Hluav Taws Xob Conductivity Meter?

Kev ntsuas tsis tu ncua yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj qhov tseeb thiab kev ntseeg tau ntawm txhua qhov kev ntsuas EC. Calibration standardizes lub 'meter' cov lus teb rau paub qhov tseem ceeb, txheeb xyuas cov cell tas li (K).

Standard Calibration txheej txheem:

1. Txuj kev xaiv:Xaiv ib daim ntawv pov thawjconductivity txheem tov(piv txwv li, potassium chloride (KCl) cov kev daws teeb meem uas paub qhov tseem ceeb xws li 1413 µS / cm lossis 12.88 mS / cm) uas khi koj cov qauv xav tau.

2. Kev npaj sojntsuam:Yaug cov electrode kom huv si nrog dej deionized (DI) thiab tom qab ntawd nrog me me ntawm cov txheej txheem daws teeb meem rau qhov chaw. Blot qhuav nrog daim ntawv tsis muaj lint; tsis txhob aggressively.

3. Kev ntsuas:Raus qhov kev sojntsuam tag nrho rau hauv cov qauv kev daws teeb meem, kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj cua npuas nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw electrode. Cia qhov kub thiab txias kom ruaj khov.

4. Kev hloov kho:Pib lub meter lub calibration muaj nuj nqi. Cov cuab yeej yuav cia li nyeem cov nqi ruaj khov thiab kho nws qhov tsis muaj (lossis ua kom tus neeg siv nkag mus rau tus qauv paub tus nqi).

5. Kev Tshawb Fawb:Rau kev ua haujlwm siab, txheeb xyuas qhov ntsuas ntsuas siv qhov thib ob, cov txheej txheem sib txawv.

VII. Kev siv dav dav ntawm Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob

Cov kev siv ntawm EC ntsuas yog dav thiab tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ntau yam sectors:

1. Dej Purification:Saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm Reverse Osmosis (RO) thiab deionization systems. Lub conductivity ntawm ultra-ntshiab dej yog qhov ncaj qha ntsuas ntawm nws qhov zoo (tsawg µS / cm qhia siab purity).

2. Environmental Science:Kev soj ntsuam tag nrho kev noj qab haus huv thiab salinity ntawm lub cev dej ntuj (dej, pas dej, dej hauv av), feem ntau siv los ua qhov taw qhia txog kev muaj kuab paug lossis dej ntxhia.

3. Kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev cog qoob loo:Tswj lubkev daws teeb meem concentrationhauv hydroponics thiab fertigation. Cov nroj tsuag kev noj qab haus huv yog txuas ncaj qha mus rau EC qib ntawm cov dej pub.

4. Muaj Kev Tswj Xyuas Txheej Txheem:Kev tswj lub voj voog cua txias hauv cov cua txias thiab cov boilers kom tiv thaiv nplai thiab xeb los ntawm kev tswj xyuas cov concentration ntawm cov khoom tawg hauv cov kev txwv.

5. Khoom noj khoom haus thiab dej haus:Kev tswj kom zoo, siv los ntsuas qhov concentration ntawm cov khoom xyaw (xws li ntsev hauv brine daws lossis acid concentration hauv dej haus).

VIII. Qhov txawv ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab lub ntsuas pH yog dab tsi?

Thaum ob qho tib si yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev tshuaj xyuas kua, EC meter thiabthepH ntsuasmeasua urCov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev daws teeb meem:

Hauv kev txheeb xyuas dej dav dav, ob qho kev ntsuas yog tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, thaum high conductivity qhia koj muaj ntau ions tam sim no, pH qhia koj yog tias cov ions feem ntau ua rau acidity lossis alkalinity.